Hip osteoarthritis

Pathology
Hip osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition of the cartilage in the hip joint. Cartilage normally allows smooth movement between joint surfaces. Over time, it wears down, leading to friction between the bones.

This condition is common with aging but may also be related to previous trauma, congenital abnormalities (such as hip dysplasia), overuse, or excess weight.

Typical symptoms include groin pain (sometimes radiating to the thigh or knee), stiffness, reduced range of motion, and difficulty with activities such as walking, climbing stairs, or putting on shoes.

Examination
Diagnosis is based on clinical examination and imaging.

Hip X-rays confirm osteoarthritis by showing joint space narrowing, osteophytes, and possible deformity. MRI is usually not required unless there is diagnostic uncertainty.

Treatment

Non-surgical treatment
Initial treatment is conservative:

• weight loss if needed
• physiotherapy to improve mobility and strengthen muscles
• activity modification
• analgesics and anti-inflammatory medication
• walking aids (e.g., cane) if necessary

Surgical treatment
In case of persistent pain and functional limitation despite conservative treatment:

• total hip replacement (total hip arthroplasty)

Recovery
Hip osteoarthritis is progressive. Treatment aims to relieve pain and improve function.

After total hip replacement, recovery takes several months with rehabilitation. Most patients experience significant pain relief and improved quality of life.

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